1. Cormier and Hackney Model
   The Cormier and Hackney Counseling Model emphasizes creating a supportive, collaborative relationship between the client and the counselor. This model is designed to:

• Establish Trust: Build a safe and nonjudgmental environment for clients to explore their career aspirations and challenges.
• Assess Client Needs: Use structured assessments to understand the client’s skills, values, interests, and potential barriers.
• Develop Action Plans: Collaborate with clients to create actionable steps toward achieving their career goals, fostering both independence and confidence.

This model ensures that career counseling is not just about providing solutions but about empowering clients to make informed decisions and take ownership of their career paths.

2. The 4S Model of Career Transition
   The 4S Model focuses on managing transitions and changes in a person’s career. Developed by Schlossberg, this model considers four critical factors:

• Situation: Understanding the context of the client’s career transition, including triggers, timing, and level of control over the change.
• Self: Exploring the client’s personal resources, including resilience, confidence, and adaptability.
• Supports: Identifying the external resources available, such as mentors, networks, or family.
• Strategies: Developing coping mechanisms and actionable strategies to navigate the transition effectively.

The 4S Model helps clients view career transitions as opportunities for growth rather than obstacles, fostering a proactive and empowered mindset.